Sumerian lexicon

• A
• B
• D
• E
• G, Ĝ
• H
• I
• K
• L
• M
• N
• P
• R
• S
• Š
• T
• U
• Z

A

• A : water (Akk. mû, Hit. watar).
• A.AB.BA : sea (Akk. tāmtum, Hit. aruna-).
• ^GIA.DA.GUR : spoon.
• A.GA.DÈ^KI : Akkad.
• A.KÀR : campaign (Akk. ugārum, Hit. kuera-).
• A.ŠÀ : field (Akk. eqlum).
• ^LÚA.ZU : physician (Akk. asûm).
• Á.DAH : helpful.
• ^ĜIŠAB : window (Akk. aptum, Hit. ^ĜIŠlutti-).
• AD.KID : woven with reed.
• ^LÚAGRIG : steward, treasurer (Akk. abarakkum).
• ALAM : statue, image; figure (Akk. ṣalmum, Hit. esri-). ^LÚALAM.ZÚ : entertainer.
• AMA : mother (Akk. ummum, Hit. anna-).
• ^LÚAMA.A.TU : tenant.
• AMAR : veal (Akk. būrum).
• AN : heaven (Akk. šamû, Hit. nepis-).
• AN.GÌR : steppe (Akk. ṣērum).
• ANŠU : donkey (Akk. imērum). − ANŠU.GÌR.NUN.NA : mule. ANŠU.KUR.RA : horse (Akk. sīsum); Pl. also = soldiers drivers of chariot. ANŠU.KUR.RA.MAH : stalion. − ANŠU.NITA : he-donkey.
• AN.TA : from heaven, from top.
• ^ĜIŠAPIN : plough (Akk. epinnum).
• APIN.LAL : tiller (Akk. errēšum).
• ^NA4AŠ.ŠIR.GAL : (a stone).
• ÁŠ : cereal (Akk. kunāšum).
• AZ : bear (Akk. asûm).

B

• BA.BA.ZA : mash, mashed food ? (Akk. pappasum).
• BA.UG₇ : "he is dead" (Akk. imūt, Hit. akis).
• BABBAR : white (Akk. piṣûm, Hit. harki-).
• BÀD : wall, fortification (Akk. dūrum). BÀD KARAŠ : fortified camp. URU BÀD : fortified town.
• BAL : revolt (Akk. nabalkutum); seditious. − BAL-nu- (I 7) : to organize a revolt; EME-an BAL-nu- = "to make seditious speeches".
• ^ĜIŠBAN : elbow (Akk. qaštum).
• ^ĜIŠBANŠUR : table (Akk. paššūrum).
• arha BIL-ni = arha warāni "it burns" (§182).
• BULUG : barley ? (Akk. buqlum).
• ^DUGBUR.ZI : (a jar; Akk. bursītum).

D

• ^ĜIŠDAG : throne (Hit. ^ĜIŠhalmashuitt-).
• DAM : wife (Akk. aššatum). DAM-atar (n., §83) : status of spouse, marriage. DAM-anni har(k)- = "to have as wife". DAM-anni dā- = "to take as wife".
• DANNA : two hours (Akk. bērum).
• DI(-essar) : trial (Akk. dīnum, Hit. hanessar). DI.KUD : court, judge (Akk. dayyānum).
• DIB : to grab (Akk. ṣabātum, Hit. ep-).
• DINGIR : god (Akk. ilum, Hit. siuna-). − DINGIR^LIM-niyant- (c.) : pious. DINGIR^LIM-tar (n., §83) : divinity.
• DÙ : 1. to do (Akk. epēšum, Hit. iya-). 2. to become (Hit. kis-).
• DUB : tablet, document (Akk. ṭuppum, Hit. tuppi-). DUB.1.KAM : 1 tablet. − DUB.SAR : scribe (akk. ṭupšarrum). DUB.SAR.ĜIŠ : reed pen.
• ^ĜIŠDUBBIN : wheel (Akk. magarrum). ANA ^ĜIŠDUBBIN lamniya- : "to call to the wheel" = "to explain".
• DUG : jar (Akk. karpatum).
• DUG(.GA) : good, fine (Akk. ṭābum, Hit. assu-).
• DUGUD : difficult, important (Hit. nakki-). − ^LÚDUGUD : dignitary (Akk. ^LÚkabtum). − DUGUD-es- (I 1 f) : to become difficult.
• DUMU : son, boy (with complement DUMU-la- ; Akk. mārum) ; Plur. people (of a town or a country). − DUMU.É.GAL : servant of the palace (Akk. mār ekallim). DUMU.LÚ.ULU₃^LU : human child. DUMU.LUGAL : prince (Akk. mār šarrim). DUMU.MUNUS : daughter (akk. mārtum). DUMU.NAM.LÚ.ULU₃^LU(-UT.TI) : human child. DUMU.NITA : male child, son. DUMU.SAL : female child, girl (Akk. mārtum), young girl. DUMU.DUMU : grand-child (Akk. mār mārim). DUMU.DUMU.DUMU : descendant. DUMU-atar (n., §83) : status of son. DUMU(^MEŠ)-latar (n., §83) : youth.
• DÚR-as : sat (Akk. wašib, Hit. asandas).

E

• E.ÍB : belt.
• ^KUŠE.SIR : shoe (Akk. šēnum).
• É (with complement É^TU, É-ir, cf. §89a) : house (Akk. bītum, Hit. pir, parn-); − temple. − É-na = parna "to home". − É.DIN-GIR^LIM : temple. É.EN.NU.UN : "house of the guard" = "prison". É.GAL : palace (Akk. ekallum). É.HI.UŠ.SA : (part of a temple). É ^LÚIŠ : "house of the chariot driver" = "stable". É.^NA4KIŠIB : warehouse. É.NA₄ : "house of stone" = "mausoleum". É.NUM.LÀL : hive.
• EBUR : harvest (Akk. ebūrum).
• EĜIR : (adv. and postpos.) behind (Hit. appa). − adj. back, later (Akk. warkûm, Hit. appezzi-). EĜIR UD^MI : future (Akk. warkât ūmim). − EĜIR-an = appan : after, behind. EĜIR-anda = appanda : after, later. EĜIR-izzi- = appezzi- : in the rear, later. EĜIR-pa = appa : backward. EĜIR-zi- = appezzi- : in the rear, later. EĜIR-ziaz = appezziyaz : from behind; secretly.
• EME : tongue (Akk. lišānum); − slander.
• EN : lord, master (Akk. bēlum, Hit. ishā-); − general. − EN QĀTI : manual worker. EN DĪNI : plaintiff. − EN-atar (n., §83) : authority. − EN-UTTU = Akk. bēlūtum : authority.
• EN.NU.UN : guard (in É.EN.NU.UN "prison").
• ^ĜIŠERIN : cedar (Akk. erinum); cedar bough.
• ERIN₂ : soldier ; troop, army (Akk. ṣābum).
• EZEN : festival (Akk. isinnum).

G, Ĝ

• GA : milk (Akk. šizbum). − GA.AL : sweet milk. − GA.KIN.AG : "solid milk" = "cheese".
• ^UZUGAB : breast (Akk. irtum).
• (^TÚG)GAD : cloth (Akk. kitûm). − GAD IGI^HI.A-was : "cloth of the eyes" = "veil ?". ^TÚGGAD.DAM : leggings ?
• GAL : big (Akk. rabûm, Hit. salli-). − ^DUGGAL : tumbler. − GAL.ĜEŠTIN : "great wine" (a military rank). GAL ME-ŠE-DI : "great-mešedi " (master of ceremonies). GAL ME-ŠE-DI-UT-TU : function of master of ceremonies.
• ĜÁL : to be, to exist (Akk. bâšum, Hit. es-).
• GAM = kattan "under, at" (after the substantive) or ŠAPAL "under" (before the substantive). − GAM-an = kattan "under".
• ĜAR = dāi- "to seat, to place". − ĜAR-ru = kittaru "one must put" (§256).
• GAŠAN : lady (Akk. bēltum, Hit. ishassara-).
• GEME₂ : female slave, maidservant (Akk. amtum).
• ĜEŠTIN : wine (Akk. karānum, Hit. wiyana-). − ĜEŠTIN.HÁD.DU.A : "dry wine" = "raisins".
• ĜEŠTUG : ear (Akk. uznum, Hit. istamana-).
• GI : reed (Akk. qanûm). − GI.KAK.(Ú.)TAG.GA : arrow.
• GIM : when, as (Akk. kīma, Hit. mahhan).
• GIG : illness (Akk. murṣum) ; − to fall ill (Hit. irmaliya-). − GIG-ant- (c.) : illness (§48a3).
• GÍG : black (Akk. ṣalmum, Hit. dankui-).
• ĜÌR : foot (Akk. šēpum).
• ^ĜIŠGU.ZA : throne, seat (Akk. kussûm).
• GUD : ox (Akk. alpum). GUD.ÁB : cow (Akk. littum).
• GUL : to destroy (Akk. naqārum, Hit. walh-).

H

• HÁD.DU.A : dry, dried out (Akk. šābulum).
• ^LÚHAL : oracle, clairvoyant (Akk. bārûm).
• HI.HI : storm.
• HUL : evil, nasty (Akk. limmum, Hit. idālu-). − HUL-ah-, HUL-lawah- = idālawah- "to act badly". HUL-lawatar = idālawatar "nastiness". HUL-lu- = idālu- "evil, nasty ". HUL-wes- = idālawes- "to become nasty".
• HUR.SAĜ : mountain (Akk. huršānum).

I

• Ì : fat, oil (Akk. šamnum). − Ì.DUG.GA : fine oil. Ì.NUN : butter (Akk. himētum). Ì.UDU : sheep fat.
• ^LÚÌ.DU₈ : doorkeeper, guard (Akk. atûm).
• IBILA : heir child (Akk. aplum). − IBILA-tar : status of heir.
• ÍD : river (Akk. nārum).
• ^ĜIŠIG : door (Akk. daltum).
• IGI : eye (Akk. īnum, Hit. Pl. sakuwa-). − ^ĜIŠIGI.DÙ : spear ? LÚ IGI.DÙ GUŠKIN : (a civil servant). IGI-zi- = hantezzi- "first".
• IKU : field (Akk. ikûm; also a measure).
• IM : wind (Akk šārum).
• IM : clay (Akk. ṭīdum), tablet of clay (Akk. ṭūppum). − IM.GÍD.DA : long tablet (designates a tablet with only one column and a short and dense text).
• INIM : word, speech, deal, case (Akk. awātum, Hit. uttar).
• IN.NU.DA : straw (Akk. tibnum).
• IR : to wish, to ask, to complain (Hit. wek-).
• IR^TU(M) : oracle.
• ÌR : slave, servant (Akk. wardum). − ÌR-ah- (I 1 f) : to subdue, to enslave. − Moy. 1 : to submit. ÌR-atar (n., §83) : servitude.
• ^LÚIŠ : chariot driver. ^LÚIŠ GUŠKIN : (a civil servant).
• ITU : month (Akk. warhum). − ITU-mi ITU-mi "month for month".
• IZI : fire (Akk. išātum, Hit. pahhur).

K

• ^KUŠKA.DAB : halter. − ŠA ^KUŠKA.DAB.ANŠU : "he of the donkey halter" (a job at the court).
• ^DUGKA.DÙ(.A) : mild beer (Akk. pīhum).
• KA×KAK : nose, tip of the nose (Akk. appum).
• KA×U : mouth (Akk. pûm, Hit. āis).
• KA×UD : tooth (Akk. šinnum).
• KA.GÌR : way, track (Akk. padanum).
• KÁ : door (Akk. bābum, Hit. aska-). − KÁ.GAL : town gate (Akk. abullum).
• ^ĜIŠKAK : stake (Akk. sikkatum).
• KAL : appreciated, dear.
• ^LÚKAL(-ant-) : young man; hero.
• KAM : (numeral particle).
• KAR : to find, to meet (Hit. wemiya-).
• KARAŠ : military camp, army, troops (Akk. karāšum, Hit. tuzzi-).
• KASKAL : road ; military campaign (Akk. harrānum, Hit. palsa-).
• KAŠ : beer (Akk. šikarum).
• KUG.BABBAR : silver (Akk. kaspum). ^URUKUG.BABBAR : Hattusas.
• KUR : land, country (Akk. mātum).
• KÚR : foreign, enemy (Akk. nakrum, Hit. kurur).

L

• LÚ : man (Akk. awīlum, Hit. antuhsa-).
• LUGAL : king (Akk. šarrum, Hit. hassu-).

M

• MÁŠ : goat (Akk. urīṣum).
• MÈ : battle (Akk. tāhāzum, Hit. zahhāi-). MÈ-ya- : to fight (Hit. zahhiya-).
• MUNUS : woman (Akk. sinništum).
• MU : year (Akk. šattum, Hit. wett-).

N

• NAM.RA : prisoner of war (Akk. šallum, Hit. arnuwala-) ; booty (Akk. šallatum).
• ^TÚGNÍĜ.LÁM : a garment (Akk. lamahuššum).
• NIGA : fat, fattened (Akk. marûm).
• NIR.ĜÁL : noble.

P

• PAP : lord (Akk. bēlum) ; to protect (Hit. pahs-).

R

S

• SAĜ.DU : head (Akk. qaqqadum, Hit. harsan-).
• SAĜ.ÚS : to deal with, to maintain.
• SISKUR₂ : offering, sacrifice ; prayer (Akk. nīqum).

Š

• ŠÀ : heart (Akk. libbum, Hit. kard-) ; inside.
• ŠE₁₂ : winter (Akk. kuṣṣum, Hit. gimmant-) ; to hibernate (Hit. gimmantariya-).
• ŠEŠ : brother (Akk. ahum).
• ŠU : hand (Akk. qātum, Hit. kessar-).
• ŠU.DIM₄ : fist ; violence, outrage.
• ŠU.GI : old (Akk. šībum).

T

• TI : life, to live (Hit. huis-). TI-nu- : to make live, to protect (Hit. huisnu-).
• TUR : child (Akk. sehrum).

U

• UD : day (Akk. ūmum, Hit. siwatt-).
• UDU : sheep (Akk. immerum) ; UDU.GUKKAL : "fat-tailed" sheep (Akk. gukkallum).
• UG₇ : to die (Akk. mâtum).
• UGU : (n.) upper part ; (prep.) over, on top of, after.
• UR.SAĜ : hero, warrior (Akk. qarrādum).
• URU : town (Akk. ālum).
• ^dUTU : the Sun god (Akk. Šamaš).

Z

• ZAG : border.